Sliding Window Maximum

Source

Problem

A long array A[] is given to you. There is a sliding window of size w which is moving from the very left of the array to the very right. You can only see the w numbers in the window. Each time the sliding window moves rightwards by one position. Following is an example:
The array is [1 3 -1 -3 5 3 6 7], and w is 3.

Window position                Max ---------------               ----- [1  3  -1] -3  5  3  6  7       3  1 [3  -1  -3] 5  3  6  7       3  1  3 [-1  -3  5] 3  6  7       5  1  3  -1 [-3  5  3] 6  7       5  1  3  -1  -3 [5  3  6] 7       6  1  3  -1  -3  5 [3  6  7]      7 

Input: A long array A[], and a window width w
Output: An array B[], B[i] is the maximum value of from A[i] to A[i+w-1]
Requirement: Find a good optimal way to get B[i]